What feeding practice should be avoided before and after transfusions due to NEC risk?

Oral feedings should be avoided before and after transfusions primarily due to the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious gastrointestinal condition that can lead to intestinal injury in vulnerable populations, particularly preterm infants. During the time surrounding a blood transfusion, the gastrointestinal system can be more vulnerable, and introducing oral feedings may exacerbate this risk.

NEC is associated with factors such as hypoxia, feeding methods, and alterations in blood flow. A blood transfusion can temporarily alter gut perfusion and oxygenation, further increasing the susceptibility to NEC. Therefore, avoiding oral feedings is a precautionary measure to minimize the risk of gastrointestinal complications during this sensitive period.

In contrast, fortification, transfusion feeding, and breastfeeding may be safely managed under clinical guidance in most circumstances, as they are vital for nutrition and support in newborns. However, the emphasis on avoiding oral feedings in this context comes from the need to protect vulnerable infants from the potential exacerbation of intestinal issues during and after transfusions.