A fever can increase the basal metabolic rate by approximately what percentage per degree Celsius above 37.5?

The correct choice reflects established research indicating that for each degree Celsius a child's temperature rises above the normal baseline of 37.5°C, the basal metabolic rate can increase by approximately 7.4%. This metabolic increase is an adaptive response to infection or illness. Fever serves as a physiological mechanism that enhances the immune response, accelerates the mobilization of energy substrates, and aids in the generation of heat, which can help in controlling the proliferation of pathogens.

In clinical practice, understanding the relationship between fever and metabolic rate is critical, especially in pediatric patients, as it can impact their fluid and nutritional needs. The percentage increase associated with fever is significant because it indicates that as a child's temperature rises, their energy demands also increase, necessitating careful monitoring and management of hydration and nutritional intake.

The other options represent different, but less studied, figures that do not align with this established understanding of how fever affects metabolic rate.